Turkey stands as a powerhouse in wheat production, boasting a per capita output of 250 kilograms. This remarkable figure highlights the country’s agricultural capabilities and its crucial position in global grain markets. According to Ahmet Tiryakioğlu, President of the Turkish Exporters Assembly (TİM) Grain, Pulses, Oil Seeds, and Products Sector Board, Turkey is set to produce 21.5 million tons of wheat in 2024, contributing to the global production forecast of 800 million tons. This article examines the latest data and trends influencing Turkey’s wheat sector and its impact on the international stage.
Robust Wheat Production and Exports
Ahmet Tiryakioğlu, who also serves as the President of the Gaziantep Commodity Exchange, highlighted that Turkey’s annual wheat flour and pasta exports total 5 million tons. In 2023, Turkey exported 3.5 million tons of wheat flour to 164 countries, maintaining its position as the world export leader in this category since 2015. The nation’s strong performance in wheat production directly supports its grain, pulses, and oilseeds sector, which has seen substantial export growth.
Wheat and Barley Procurement
The Turkish Grain Board (TMO) has been actively involved in procuring wheat and barley to stabilize domestic markets and support farmers. Since launching the 2024 Grain Procurement Campaign on May 14, TMO has purchased over 2 million tons of these grains. This initiative includes operations at over 600 procurement sites, ensuring efficient collection and financial support for producers. The strategic storage and timely payment mechanisms are vital for maintaining market stability and farmer confidence.
Economic Impact and Trade Balance
Turkey’s grain, pulses, and oilseeds sector achieved a 6.9% increase in exports during the first half of 2024, reaching $5.9 billion. The primary export destinations were Iraq and the United States. Increased rainfall and high production expectations in Russia and the US have softened global grain prices, while Turkey’s wheat import ban has also influenced domestic pricing. Tiryakioğlu emphasized that once the import ban is lifted, the Turkish food industry, particularly the pasta sector, could benefit from competitively priced raw materials.
Strategic Export Growth
Turkey’s strength in wheat production is complemented by its extensive export portfolio, which includes high-value products like biscuits, confectionery, oilseeds, and spices. In 2023, Turkey exported over 1.5 million tons of biscuits and pastries, nearly 1.5 million tons of vegetable oil, over 1 million tons of sugar and related products, and close to 1 million tons of cocoa products. These exports contribute significantly to the sector’s annual revenue of approximately $12.5 billion.
Agricultural Trade Balance
Turkey is unique in Europe for not running a trade deficit in grains and pulses. The Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) reports that Turkey’s imports and exports in cereals, milling products, malt, starch, oilseeds, and related products are balanced. This achievement underscores Turkey’s ability to meet diverse global food demands while maintaining a positive trade balance.
Turkey’s impressive wheat production of 250 kilograms per capita and its dominant position in global wheat flour exports highlight the country’s agricultural strength. Through strategic procurement, robust export performance, and balanced trade practices, Turkey continues to support its farmers and contribute significantly to the global food supply. As Turkey navigates the complexities of global agricultural markets, its commitment to sustainable and efficient farming practices will be essential for future growth and stability.
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