Barley, known as one of the most vital cereals globally, is traditionally grown in temperate regions but holds considerable potential for expansion into new markets, including Vietnam. With over 46 million hectares cultivated worldwide and a production nearing 146 million tons, barley ranks as the fourth most important cereal, following maize, wheat, and rice. This versatile crop has proven to be a vital component of animal feed, human nutrition, and the production of malt for brewing.
For Vietnam, where beer is a popular beverage and a significant contributor to the national economy, the cultivation of barley could offer an innovative way to reduce dependency on imports, particularly malt. This article explores the current status of barley farming in Vietnam and its future potential in enhancing the country’s agricultural and industrial sectors.
Barley’s Importance and Health Benefits
Globally, barley is primarily used for animal feed, with 70% of production directed toward this purpose. However, high-quality barley varieties are also used for human consumption in products such as bread and malt for brewing. Nutritionally, barley is rich in dietary fiber, essential minerals, and antioxidants, offering a variety of health benefits. Barley helps maintain gut health, lower cholesterol, manage diabetes, and even reduce the risk of colon cancer, asthma, osteoporosis, and skin conditions.
Moreover, barley grass, a young version of the plant, has emerged as a “superfood.” Its nutrient profile helps detoxify the body, support the immune system, prevent diabetes, and combat aging.
Vietnam’s Potential for Barley Production
Vietnam, despite being a major beer producer, faces a significant challenge: 60-70% of the barley required for beer production must be imported, particularly malt. This reliance on imports represents a drain on the country’s economy, amounting to millions of dollars annually. According to the Beverage Association of Vietnam, growing barley domestically would not only reduce this dependency but also make use of underutilized land, providing an additional source of income for farmers.
Research conducted by the Institute of Alcohol, Beer, and Beverage Research suggests that Vietnam’s northern mountainous provinces, such as Lai Châu, Sơn La, Cao Bằng, and Bắc Cạn, have the potential to cultivate up to 115,000 hectares of barley. This offers an exciting opportunity to develop a local barley industry that supports domestic brewing and food production, particularly for functional foods and beverages.
Advances in Barley Research and Development
In 2004, the Institute of Alcohol, Beer, and Beverage Research tested 300 barley varieties, selecting two highly adaptable and disease-resistant strains—RIB0127 and RIB0110. These varieties showed high yields and resistance to common barley diseases like brown spot, powdery mildew, and pink mold.
Further studies at the Vietnam National University of Agriculture have focused on drought-resistant barley varieties. Among them, BCC884 and BCC483 demonstrated excellent adaptability to dry conditions, suggesting their potential for cultivation in Vietnam’s diverse climate. Ongoing trials with other promising varieties, such as BCC118, BCC718, BCC043, and California, have shown positive results, indicating a future with high-yield and disease-resistant barley varieties tailored to local needs.
Barley Grass and Value-added Products
Recently, efforts have been made to explore the use of barley grass in Vietnam. In Nghệ An, Đặng Thị Tâm successfully cultivated barley grass and developed barley flour products. Additionally, the University of Agriculture and Forestry in Ho Chi Minh City has pioneered the production of high-value tea and nutritional powder from barley grass, adding further value to the crop and expanding its market potential.
These innovations demonstrate that barley cultivation in Vietnam can go beyond beer production, contributing to the development of functional foods, dietary supplements, and even organic products.
The future of barley cultivation in Vietnam looks promising, with the potential to reduce import reliance, create economic opportunities for farmers, and support the country’s growing beer and food industries. The development of barley strains adapted to Vietnam’s climate, combined with innovative value-added products like barley grass, could revolutionize the local agricultural and industrial landscape. As research progresses, the country is poised to establish a sustainable and thriving barley sector, enhancing food security and economic resilience.
Error
